WHAT IS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX ? IS THE HDI A GOOD MEASURE OF DEVELOPMENT ? LETS FIND OUT



Let's start today article with beautiful quotes of Dr.Mahbub ul Haq the creator of HDI.
ECONOMIST AMARTYA SEN(1933  AGE 83)
"the real wealth of a nation is its people and a purpose of a development is to create an enabling environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives.but the simple and powerful truth is too often forgotten in the pursuit of material and financial wealth".

 The UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP) has defined Human Development as
 "the process of enlarging people's choices", and said that the choices allow people to  "lead a long and healthy life, to be educated, to enjoy a decent standard of living", as well as "political freedom, other guaranteed human rights and various ingredients of self-respect".

 HISTORY: The HDI was developed by the renowned Asian economist Dr. Mahbub-ul-haq(Pakistan) and a Nobel laureate Amartya Sen(India)  in the year 1990 just two years
Dr. MAHBUB UL HAQ (1934-1998)
 before my birthday :)
  • HDI After created by these Asian economists the UNDP has used this concept of Human development to publishing HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT annually since 1990.
  • The noble laureate Amartya sen a gifted economist throughout his research he came to know that the most effective ways of bringing about development are the INCREASING FREEDOM of the people.
  • So Dr. Haq and Amartya Sen's work were a path-breaking and it was the only human development index which has succeeded in bringing people to the center of any discussion on development.
WHAT IS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX?
The HDI is a way to measure well-being within a country and it is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
The HDI measures each of these indicators between 0 and 1, one being the best.

SOME INTERESTING FACTS :
  • The PQLI is very similar to the HDI but it includes infant mortality and it’s measured between 0 and 100.
  • Countries fall into four broad human development categories: Very High Human Development, High Human Development, Medium Human Development and Low Human Development.
  • Since 2009, Norway has the highest HDI ranking in the world & Norway ranks first on the WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT.
  • Descending order of countries in terms of HDI. NORWAY>AUSTRALIA>SWITZERLAND>GERMANY>DENMARK>SINGAPORE(ASIA)
  • INDIA ranks 131th in HDI
  • As of 2014, the average HDI of all of the countries of the world is 0.711.
  • The only year without a Human Development Report since 1990 was 2012. The latest report was launched on 21 March 2017.
  • The country with the largest decrease in HDI since 1998 is ZIMBABWE(Africa), falling from 0.514 in 1998 by 0.140 to 0.374 in 2010. The country with the largest decrease since 2009 is CAPE VERDE(west African island), which decreased by 0.170.

WHAT ARE THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF HDI?
  1. LIFE EXPECTANCY(health and longevity)
  2. LITERACY(combined primary secondary and tertiary level)
  3. LIVING STANDARD ( Purchasing power parity)
Note these three dimensions was last used by the UNDP till their 2011 report.


HOW MANY PILLAR ARE THEREOF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT?



Basically, there were four pillars of human development.

EQUITY, SUSTAINABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND EMPOWERMENT.
In present, After adding cooperation and security now there are six pillars of human development.these are given below.
-SPEECS-
S-SUSTAINABILITY
P-PRODUCTIVITY
E-EQUITY
E-EMPOWERMENT
C-COOPERATION
S-SECURITY

 SUSTAINABILITY: "To meet the needs of the present without compromising the well-being of future generation" in general continuity in the availability of resources.

PRODUCTIVITY: economically Active & full participation of people in the process of national development & generation of national income.

EQUITY- 
Making equal access to
 opportunities 
available to everybody irrespective of their gender, religion, race, income, caste & birthplace. you can best understand equity by this below picture.



EMPOWERMENT: Empowerment is the freedom of the socially and economically backward people to influence development and decisions that affect their lives, In general, To have the power to make choices by introducing good governance and people oriented policies.


what sort of the policies are required to empower people?

The policies which are required to empower people must be People-Oriented policies(p.o.p) & good governance.


COOPERATION: It's an act or instance of working participating or acting together for a common purpose or mutual benefits.


SECURITY: is all about reliability or it means people develop opportunities safety & freely with one hundred percent dedication & confidence that they will not disappear suddenly in the future.





Is the HDI a good measure of development?

The answer will be uploaded shortly.

THATS ALL FOR NOW  THANKYOU :) "JAI HIND JAI BHARAT"

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