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| HARVESTING COTTON(MAHARASHTRA) |
What is the meaning of cropping pattern?
In the words of prof. Schultz, "cropping pattern is meant the proportion of area at a point of time.A change is cropping pattern implies a change in the proportion of area under different crops".
But in the context of under DEVELOPED nation like India, the meaning of Cropping pattern do change with the culture and traditions.
According to Prof.S.N.Sinha, For instance, gave expression to such an opinion when he wrote: "In a tradition-ridden country with a very low level of knowledge, the peasants are unwilling to make experiments.
What are the factors which are responsible for affecting cropping patterns?
There are four factors which are responsible for affecting the cropping patterns these are:
1-Physical & climate factors: Terrain, Topography, Soil, Climate, Water.
2-Science & technological factors.
3-Economic factors: Availability of inputs, Price, Income, Risk & Insurance of the crops.
4-Government actions.
There is three main cropping season in India.
1-Rabi crop season
2-Kharif crop season
3-Zaid crop season
RABI CROPS
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KHARIF CROPS
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ZAID CROPS
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SOWING: OCT – DEC
HARVESTING: FED–APRIL
CROPS:
WHEAT,BARLEY PEAS ,GRAM & OILSEEDS.
AREAS: PUNJAB, HARYANA,
H.P, U.P, U.K.
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SOWING: MAY-JULY
HARVESTING: SEP-OCT
CROPS:
RICE, MAIZE, MILLET, COTTON JOWAR, BAJRA SUGARCANE & JUTE.
AREAS: ASSAM,W.B,ANDHRA PRADESH,KERALA,MAHARASHTRA & COASTAL AREAS OF ODISHA.
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SOWING: APRIL-JUNE
IT’S A SHORT CROPPING SEASON IN BETWEEN RABI & KHARIF.
CROPS: WATERMELON, CUCUMBER,
MUSKMELON,VEGETABLES,FRUITS ,FODDER CROPS ETC.
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| HARVESTING WHEAT(RABI CROP) |
⤞MAJOR CROPS OF INDIA ⤝
RICE
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WHEAT
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MILLETS
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MAIZE
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PULSES
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>KHARIF
>HIGH TEM +25OC
>HIGH HUMIDITY
>HIGH RAINFALL
+100 CM
>AREAS:
PUNJAB
HARYANA WEST U.P.
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>RABI
>COOL GROWING
SEASON.
>BRIGHT SUNSHINE AT HARVESTING.
>RAINFALL
(50-70 CM)
>AREA:
PUNJAB,
HARYANA,
U.P,BIHAR, RAJASTHAN.
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i) JOWAR
ii)BAJRA
iii)RAGI/
Mandawa
KODD
(finger millet)
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>KHARIF & RABI
>FODDER CROP
>TEM(21-270C)
>OLD ALLUVIAL SOIL
>AREAS: KARNATAKA
ANDHRA PRADESH,
U.P, M.P,
BIHAR.
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>RABI & KHARIF
>REQUIRS LESS MOISTURE.
>LEGUMINOUS
CROPS RESTORES THE SOIL FERTILITY
>MAJOR PROTEIN SOURCE.
>EX: ARHAR(TUR), URAD
MOONG, MASUR, PEAS.
>AREA: M.P, U.P,
RAJASTHAN, MAHA,
KARNATAKA.
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| JOWAR MILLET |
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| BAJARA MILLET |
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| RAGI: THE FINGER MILLET |
⤞PLANTATION CROPS⤝
SUGARCANE
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OILSEEDS
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TEA
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COFFEE
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>TROPICAL & SUB-TROPICAL CROP
>HOT & HUMID CLIMATE
>TEM(21-270C)
>RAINFALL(75-100CM)
>VARIETY OF SOIL
>AREA: U.P,
T.N, ANDHRA PRADESH, BIHAR, MAHARASHTRA,
KARNATAKA
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I)GROUNDNUTS
ii)SESAMUM
III)CASTOR SEEDS
>MOSTLEY RABI & KAHRIF CROP.
>USES BOTH
FOR EATING & COOKING, RAW MATERIAL FOR SOAP, COSMETIC, MEDICIANS.
>EX. OF
OTHER OILSEEDS: MUSTARD, SOYBEAN, SUNFLOWERS
, LINSEED.
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>TROPICAL &SUBTROPICAL CROP
>WARM & FROST FREE
CLIMATE
>DEEP, WELL DRAINED
SOIL, RICH IN HUMUS,
ORGANIC MATTER.
>FREQUENT SHOWERS
ALL OVER THE YEAR.
>LABOUR INTENSIVE
>AREA: ASSAM
(JALPAIGURI),T.N, KERELA,DARJEELING (WB)
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>TROPICAL & SUB TROPICAL CROP
>CLIMATE: WARM, FROST FREE
>ARABICA VARIETY
>DEEP, WELL DRAINED
SOIL, RICH IN HUMUS,
ORGANIC MATTER
>LABOUR INTENSIVE
>AREA: KARNATAKA,
KERELA, T.N.
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| TEA PLANTATION |
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| ARABICA COFFEE -BABA BUDAN HILL |
⇝NON FOOD CROPS⇜
RUBBER
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FIBBER CROPS
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COTTON
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JUTE
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>EQUATORIAL CROP
>GROWN IN A TROPICAL & SUBTROPICAL CONDITION.
>MOIST,HUMID CLIMATE
>TEM(+250C)
>RAINFALL(+200 CM )
>SKILLED LABOUR ,CHEAP WAGES
>AREA: KERELA,KARNATAKA,
T.N,A&N,GARO HILLS(MEG)
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>KHARIF CROP
>REQUIRES 6-8 MONTH TO MATURE
>BLACK SOIL OF DECCAN PLATEAU
>HIGH TEM + RAINFALL
>210 FROST FREE DAYS
>BRIGHT SUN DURING HARVESTING
>AREAS:MAHARASHTRA,
GUJRAT,M.P,KARNATAKA,
ANDHRAPRADESH,
T.N,U.P,PUNJAB.
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>GOLDEN FIBER
>HIGH TEM DURING GROWTH
>HEAVY RAINFALL(+200CM)
>WELL DRAINED FERTILE SOIL
>AREA:W.B,BIHAR,ODISHA,
ASSAM,MEGHALAYA.
>USES: GUNNEY BAGS,
ROPES,MATS,YARN,CARPETS.
>CURRENTLY FACING COMPITITIONS FROM
SYNTHETIC FIBRE.
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| JUTE HARVESTING IN WEST BENGAL |
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TRADITIONAL JUTEYARN MAKING PROCESS
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